Ayatollah Khomeni essays

Ayatollah Khomeni essays What Were The Significant Influences of Religion Upon Ayatollah Khomeinis Leadership Style? Ayatollah Khomeini was born in 1902. After his initial religious training he taught in the major Shi'i theological school at Qom, but was exiled for his opposition to the government of the Shah, Reza Khan. Living in Paris after 1978 he orchestrated the Islamic Revolution of 1979 in Iran. He became both the political and religious leader of the country throughout the protracted Iran-Iraq war, until he died in 1989. Ruhollah Khomeini can be portrayed as one of the most seminal and enigmatic characters of the twentieth century. In no small way has his influence touched our lives, even, or perhaps especially, here in the detached atmosphere of a western first world country, and herein lies the dilemma: Khomeini represents a type of politico-spiritual leader virtually unheard of in the West save the token titles of ruling monarchs in Victorian England. This, combined with the different social implications of Islam compared to Christianity leaves a wide gap in our perceptions, and therefore our ability, to produce an objective analysis. There are many factors to be considered when evaluating the leadership of an individual, and these will vary significantly in effect from leader to leader, but with one proviso there will always be a single unifying purpose. It is this purpose that drives the individual to greatness, or alternatively, excess, and in Khomeini this manifested itself in the form of religious fanaticism. Religion in the Islamic world governs every facet imaginable of society, from law to education to social customs, and the clerics hold great sway over public opinion. This essay will attempt to address the implications of this religious control when utilised by a charismatic, single-minded individual, and how a sufficiently eloquent orator can twist the emotions of the populace. Now, in the light of recent tra...

Meiosis Vs Meitosis essays

Meiosis Vs Meitosis essays More than one celled organisms grow by way of mitosis and the cytoplasmic division of body cells. On the other hand, meiosis occurs only in germ cells, which are put aside for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). Reproduction by meiosis allows for species survival and it increases genetic variability. The process, during which the germ cells are generated is called meiosis. It represents nature's solution to the problem of chromosome doubling that would occur, if two diploid cells, i.e. two cells with a double set of chromosomes would fuse. Accordingly does meiosis produce haploid germ cells, with maternal and paternal germ cell fusing at fertilization and thus generating a diploid fusion product, the zygote. Meiosis is made up by two subsequent processes, both of which resemble mitosis. In the first process are the homologous chromosomes separated. It has an unusually long prophase that is subdivided into different stages They are followed by metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Two nuclei fuse upon fertilization, so that the number of chromosomes does necessarily double. If this thought is spun further, would an greater growth of the number of chromosomes from generation to generation have to be expected. This is not the case, because the chromosomes are reduced to half their normal number in germ cell production. This process is called meiosis. It consists of two successive mitosis-like divisions: in the first division is the number of chromosomes reduced to their half, the second is a normal mitosis. Each germ cell contains a complete set of chromosomes, a haploid set. Accordingly are the cells haploid and zygotes and the body cells that stem from them are diploid, because they contain two equal sets of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. They exist, especially in plants. At the beginning of meiosis, in prophase 1 the plate breaksdown and chromosomes become visible as in mitosis (1). The c...

Why swimming is the best form of exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why swimming is the best form of exercise - Essay Example It increases the body’s metabolism which ultimately results in the burning of fats. Exercise has always been very important part of the human body. It not only keeps one in better shape but also reduces the risks of heart diseases, strokes, various cancers and high blood pressure. In the modern era the need to exercise has increased significantly. People today feel the need to stay and look fit more than ever before. Over the past few years various exercising machines and fitness units have been introduced some of which comprises of state-of-the-art technology e.g. calculating pulse rate, calories burnt and speed range etc. But swimming has always been a conventional way to stay fit and healthy, with the main reasons being that it is a simple and non technology oriented form of exercise delivering some very effective results. Swimming is an aquatic sport. It is the art of self- movement in water with the help of upper and lower limbs. Swimming is the best form of exercise as i t is easy on the body, it works all muscles, can be used by people who are limited in the exercise they can undertake, is varied Unlike many exercises which prove to be very monotonous and harsh, swimming refreshes both the mind and body. It eases the body without giving jarring effects. Water has some very effective and soothing effects. Athletes use water to rehabilitate after an injury.

Law, ethics and globaisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law, ethics and globaisation - Essay Example Fire is a potential danger and a risk for the lives. A proper care and planning can save many lives. The buildings must be built in a way to minimize the risk of fire. The premises should be structures which ensure the proper exits in case of any emergency. There must be proper fire alarm and detection systems in place and the buildings should be fully supplied with the equipments needed for any emergency situation. The people also need a little knowledge and the training about the emergency exits and the use of the equipped in case of any disaster. (Aldis, H. 2004) Fire Safety Law was changed in 2006 according to the Regulatory Reforms (Fire Safety) Order 2005. The past licenses were terminated and they are not legally acceptable. Now the Law enforces more importance on the prevention from fires and risks. Every person is liable to make sure that the area and the environment he is working in safe and healthy. The reforms are shaped in a way so that every person can understand what is needed to be done to make the premises secure of any hazards and risks. The reforms also provide further information about how to rescue disables. The fire and safety order applies that it is the duty of all the responsible persons to take care of the safety measures of the environment in which they are living and working. The law provides the complete guidance on how to carry out the assessment, maintenance and implementation of the guidelines. (Reform, F. 2005) LAW OPERATING INTERNATIONALLY The global law enforces an investor and the constructor to build a project in such a way that it minimizes the risk of fire, safety and any other measures. The building should be fully equipped with the alarm, fire extinguishers, detectors and other tools for safety. The buildings must be built at a distance from each other. A proper exit ways given in the building to be used in case of any emergency and the premises can be evacuated as soon as possible. The law enforces the use of the material in the building to be fire-retardant. The local fire and rescue service consultant should be asked for a survey before occupying any premises to ensure the safety of the resident and working area to prevent disasters and uncertainties in the future (Safety 2005). The fire and rescue service is regarded as A Service worth defending and people should be proud of the fire fighters. The premises must be risk free for the people to live and work in Security of the building and the residents must be assured. The people should be facilitated Setting up of emergency process is essential The adequate first aid facilities should be provided Taking precautions against danger from flammable or explosive hazards. Proper indications should be provided and maintained for exit. Fire crews work in the dreadful

The Consumer Value from Online Shopping Research Proposal

The Consumer Value from Online Shopping - Research Proposal Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that consumer value basically refers to the satisfaction that the buyers get after purchasing a product. People belong to different localities and different age groups might have different views about the consumer value from online shopping and to prepare a marketing strategy for people of different ages and localities it is crucial to understand the differences in their thinking because an effective and adequate online marketing plan must cover some essential components like market analysis, marketing strategies specifically for internet, Design, and Contents plan for the website and consumer behavior analysis. Along with the spread of internet the trend of shopping online is also rising steadily and in this context, it is very necessary to understand that how much the consumers are getting value for the products that they shop online. The understanding of this issue is crucial because, in the highly competitive marketplace of today, interne t has emerged as an effective marketing tool   but to run the businesses online it is very necessary to have deep insight of the behaviors and psychographics of the online buyers so that marketing strategies could be designed according to the consumer behaviors. Berthon, Pitt, Watson discovered that online consumer is not an easy target for the marketers. and to be successful the marketing plan must possess the value factor as a leading device that should be used in the advertisements, promotional messages, information about the products etc and the value should be expressed in a way that the consumer can notice the value attached with the product. Before designing a marketing plan for online shopping it is again very important that there should be a comprehensive research that unfolds all the issues that how the people belonging to different age groups people view the idea of shopping online, how they are attracted towards products online and how do they view the product value th at they shop online. In this regard, it is also important to understand the thinking style and opinions of the people belonging to different age groups like teen 15-20, 21-29, 30-39, and 40 and above. Hence in this study opinions will be gathered from the people belonging to these different groups so that their behavior could be interpreted in the marketing plan.

Tax on Negative Externality

Tax on Negative Externality In the free market nowadays, allocating the scarce of resource and allow the market to forces supply and demand to set prices is the very view of the government. Therefore, protect property right, maintain the value of the currency had become the role of the government. Improvements in allocative, dynamic efficiency and productive are often deliver by the competitive markets. The erosions for policy intervention are mainly to correct for market failure, attain a more equitable distribution of income and wealth to enhance the achievement of the economy. There are many methods the intervention can take place. For example are the laws on minimum age for buying cigarettes and alcohol. The government appointed utility regulators who may levied taxation on certain goods. Per-unit tax can be defined as a fixed amount for each unit of good and service sold. Per-unit taxes are often imposed on specific goods, services or markets such as non-alcoholic beverages, gasoline, alcohol and cigarettes for particular reasons. An ordinary reason is to advocate the allocation effect. This means that the government discourage the production, consumption or exchange of the specific merchandise. Non-alcoholic beverages, gasoline, alcohol and cigarettes are also known as excise tax. Excise tax can be deliberate as an indirect form of taxation. This is because the government indirectly apply the tax to the consumer. This tax is normally passed on the consumer as the normal cost of doing business. For example, if a bottle of wine costs $10. It may have a specific excise tax imposed onto it which is $2. This additional cost of the wine would be levied onto the consumer, making the market price to be at $12 for per bottle of wine. Government imposed a tax onto it is because alcohol is bad for our health. Therefore, a tax levied onto it may reduce the consumption of some consumer. Taxes are kind of a significant sources of revenue for government. On the other hand, taxes would decrease the supply curve and demand curve in the market because sellers obtain less revenue for their product and buyers would need to pay a higher price for the goods they want. Occasionally, government will try to reduce the burden of the tax for sellers and buyers due to a high exes for sellers or buyers if the government set the tax for only one of them. For example, the federal government does with the payroll tax. The government require both of the labors and firms to pay half of the taxes. The rationale behind why governments would want to impose a per-unit tax on buyer or seller of certain goods. Firstly, let’s say about excise taxation. Excise is a taxation which is enforced to a narrow base of goods and services which are seen to have harm associated with their expenditure, such as tobacco, alcohol, fuel, motor vehicles, and in some other countries to wider the range of products. For example soft drinks, coffee and tea. Government use such goods taxes to achieve multiple objectives. And also excise tax are used by government to generate revenues. For the most common example, tobacco, government impose three types of tax on tobacco. One of the types is excise tax. While government enforce a wide diversity of taxes on tobacco products, it is the unique taxes to tobacco products called tobacco excise taxes that straight away effects the comparative prices of tobacco products. Therefore, it has an extreme control on tobacco use. As evidence, governments using a higher tobacco taxes as a means to discourage its use after it has assembled about the health and economic consequences. Historically the elementary objective of tobacco taxes has been revenue generation. Furthermore, non-alcoholic beverage is also one of the common example for governments would want to impose taxes on this goods such as sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB). The rate of the sugar-sweetened beverage among adults and children are constantly increasing in United States. Take more sugar-sweetened beverage could cause heart disease, diabetes, obesity and also dental decay. To raise the obesity prevention and to reduce the ingestion of sugar-sweetened beverage in United States, the American Public Health Association should have to support the government and federal in impose an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverage and it would raise the price of all the sugar-sweetened beverage in the States. After a research, it shown that sugar-sweetened beverage are price elastic. It is probable that if government raise the beverage price by 10% would decrease the intake of sugar-sweetened beverage by 10% as well. However, reduce in intaking of sugar-sweetened beverage, tobacco, alcohol and others unhealthy products is likely only if the consumer aware of the prices increases before they pay. So government are preferred able to impose excise tax than a sales tax. An excise tax are impose on the beverage manufacturing which will straight away pass the cost to customers so that they would aware of the price increases. Excise taxes is a kind of taxes on particular products only. This elastic demand pushed the tax burden on the sellers instead of buyers. Nevertheless, there are some goods which demand is inelastic because there are no good that is close substitutes, such as alcohol and tobacco. In conclusion of excise tax, the tax burden for his few goods falls more on the buyers than the sellers. Elasticity is a measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to a change in one of its determinants. Price elasticity of Demand is a measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded towards changes in price. Many products are subject to taxes. For example, goods such as tobacco, alcohol, and fuel. Here we see the consequences of indirect taxes on costs and the significant of price elasticity of demand in that determines the effects of a tax on price and quantity. Tax increases the costs of a business causing the supply curve to shift left or decreases. The distance between the original supply curve and the after tax supply curve shows the per unit tax. With an indirect tax, the supplier can pass on some or all of the tax to the consumer by increasing the price of the good. This depends on the elasticity of demand and supply and it is known as shifting the burden of the tax and In the diagram on the left, the demand curve shows that the price is elastic. This makes the producer bear more of the tax burden. When the demand is elastic, the effect of tax is to raise the price however there will be a big reduction in equilibrium quantity. The quantity decreases from Q1 to Q2 as shown in the diagram in the left. In the diagram on the right, the demand curve shows that the price is inelastic. Price elastic demand is more than one in most parts of the demand curve. The producer is then able to pass on most of the tax to the consumer by increasing the price without losing too much sales because when a good is inelastic, the consumer still has to buy although the price increases. This is shown in the diagram on the right when price increases by a lot, the quantity demanded only decreases by a little. Price elasticity of Demand, in combination with Price elasticity of Supply, can be used to find the incidence or burden of a per-unit tax is falling or to foresee where it will fall if the tax is levied. For example, when demand is perfectly inelastic, that means that consumers need the good and that the good is a necessity, so the quantity demanded remains consistent. Suppliers usually will increase the price by the full amount of the tax, and then the consumer will bare the full amount of tax. But when demand is perfectly elastic, that means there are other substitutes for the consumer or they can buy it cheaper somewhere else, this causes consumers to stop buying the good or service in question completely. Therefore, firms cannot pass the tax at all by raising prices, so they will have to pay for the tax themselves. In conclusion, many products are subject to taxes. With an indirect tax, the supplier can shift the burden of the tax to the consumer by increasing the price of the good. When the price is elastic the producer will bear more of the tax burden. When the price is inelastic. Price elastic demand is more than one in most parts of the demand curve. The producer can pass on most of the tax to the consumer by increasing the price without losing too much sales because when a good is inelastic, the consumer still has to buy although the price increases. We now know that price elasticity of demand can be used to find the incidence or burden of a per-unit tax is falling or to predict where it will fall if there is tax. There are different kind of tax charge is different country but there do have some similar benefit. As we should know, no one lives in isolation, tax benefit to everyone do not matter to the size of income. In Malaysia, more than 20 million car and citizen and benefit the travel on a public highway as some of the tax collected was use for road built, local road fund, maintained and more. Beside public used by citizen, New Mexico government provide education by using tax collected. Children in New Mexico benefit more than 47% which attend public school. The cause of government in New Mexico by giving such amount of tax on education is because it benefit the country in the future with more educated person. Besides that, student which attend college and university in New Mexico benefit 17% of the tax collected to help decreasing unemployment in the future by providing college graduates qualify for a job or even a better job. Children in Malaysia do have the same benefit on attend public school with free charge of education. Besides that, many people pay insurance or security for safety on their own as safety is very important to everyone. Therefore, citizen in New Mexico had an advantage by benefit another 7% of the tax collected provided fund police and other law-enforcement units. Some health support come from the text collected as the government in New Mexico gave 20% of the tax collected to help families through work of the Department of Health and human Service. Therefore, citizen have more than the benefit to build up a better future for the country as finally, 40% share of the gross receipts taxes collected by the state and distributed to local and country governments. Tax increase reduces the quantity trade and some of the gains from trade. While taxes increasing, price of buyer increase and the price to the seller falls cause the consumer surplus and producer surplus (profit) falls. Besides that, in the supply and demand theory, per unit tax does not matter much because buyer cares only the total price paid which is the amounts of supplier gets plus tax and the sellers cares more of the net to supplier which is price of buyer paid minus tax. Furthermore, tax reduce the quantity traded and some of the gains from trade. While the price of buyer rises causes the consumer surplus falls and the price of the seller falls causes the producer surplus (profit) falls. But then the losses captured in the form of the tax can be exchange were there no tax while the unit of those units is given by demand, and the marginal cost of the units is given by the supple. These lost gains from trade are known as a deadweight loss. Because of the tax interference in the market is the buyers values minus the sellers costs of units that cannot be trade in economic. Loss to society were represents to show the important of deadweight loss. In the sense can be view as an opportunity cost of taxation, money collect from people to obtain a dollar tax revenue actually costs society more than a dollar. The costs of the raising tax revenues include the money raise, tax collectors and government agencies to administer tax collection and deadweight loss are the example of direct cost of collection which create the incentive effect of taxes and decrease the gain of trade. The concept of effective need to be discussed in the situation of what the tax is trying to accomplish in terms of government policy. For example, in the situation of non-alcoholic beverages, it can be expected that objectives of a discriminatory tax on this products would be to raise revenue or externalize perceived harm from consumption, or both. The term of discriminatory taxation, such as excise on non-alcoholic beverages, most of it in sweetened drinks has been subject of much debate in recent years. Taxes on such products have been imposed or expel, and in certain countries are being considered. As discriminatory taxation, an excise impose on sweetened soft drinks may raise tax revenues from this single category of products. It may also operate to change the consumptions of the product through the consequential growth in its price. Secondly, government impose three types of tax on tobacco. One of the types is excise tax. It is a good source of revenue and the dominant opinion is that people who smoke should be responsible for paying the costs that their use imposes on society. Human being need not tobacco for survival. The reason government levied excise tax on tobacco because it can raise the revenue for government and control smoker from buying cigarettes. Higher taxes are useful in reducing the use in tobacco among the youth and lower’s income groups. However, it has an extreme control on tobacco use. As evidence, governments have increasingly using a higher tobacco taxes as a means to discourage its use. A per unit tax often imposed taxes on a specific markets or goods. There are few types of taxes in economies. The most common per unit tax is excise tax which are usually imposed on those goods and services that seen to be have harmful associate. As the example above, tobacco and sugar-sweetened beverage are encourage to levy excise taxation. Furthermore, the price elasticity of demand measure a responsiveness of quantity demanded to change in price of the good. That means, when the prices are elastic, the more burden would goes to producer and also when the prices are inelastic, consumer will bear more of the burden. Moreover, there are few benefits such as citizen can enjoy education by using tax collected in Mexico. New Mexico government provide some collected tax to help families. Other than benefits there is also some drawbacks of per unit tax which are tax could reduce the quantity traded and there will be a deadweight loss occur. Lastly, the theory signified that the excise ta xation structure will have an important consequences on government to accomplish multiple objectives.

Fairies :: essays research papers

FAIRIES ARE EVERYWHERE!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fairies are magical creatures, usually very much like human beings. But they can do many things that humans cannot do. Most fairies can make themselves invisible. Many can travel in an instant anywhere they want to go, even very great distances. Some can change their shapes; they might look like cats, or birds, or dogs, or any other animal. Some of them live for many hundreds of years; others (Like with Tinker Bell From Peter Pan) live forever. Many fairies like to play tricks on human beings; others like to help them. Fairies come in all sizes and shapes as well. They might be ugly, humpbacked little creatures, like the trolls or gnomes that the people tell about in Denmark, Sweden, and Germany. Both trolls and gnomes are supposed to guard treasures. Trolls live in dark caves, and gnomes make their homes underground. Some fairies are handsome, for example, the pixies of Wales, or the goldenhaired white elves of the Scandinavian countries. Some fairies are giants, others are less than two feet tall. Some have special shapes. Example are mermaids and mermen, human above the waist but with the lower part of their bodies like fish. They live in an underwater world of splendor. Beautiful mermaids often lure sailors to their destruction, or cause shipwrecks. The Scandinavians believed in a river spirit that looked like a man above the water and like a horse below.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most fairies live in fairyland, where some strange things are ALWAYS happening. They live together ruled by a king and queen, whose names are Oberon and Titania. Some people think that the ruler of Fairyland is Queen Mab.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not all fairies live in fairyland, however. Some live alone as the guardians of certain places. The Lorelei of Germany is a beautiful woman with long golden hair. She stays on a special rock on the right bank of the Rhine River.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many kinds of fairies like to play tricks on human beings. Sometimes they tie knots in the manes of horses at night, and ride them till the horses are tired out. A horseshoe nailed to the stable door will keep these fairies away. If the maid is lazy and does not clean the house carefully, the fairies will pinch her while she sleeps. The pixies of Wales are especially troublesome to human beings. Some pixies lead travelers the wrong way. Others call to a lost person in the voice of his friend. When he follows the voices, he finds nobody there. The pixies like to hid things in houses, and to blow out candles so that the people of the